1. The principle of the speaker
Loudspeaker is a device that converts electrical signals into sound waves, and its core components include magnets, voice coils and sound film (or vibration film, horn cone/paper basin). These components work together to convert electrical signals into sound waves.
2. The working principle of the speaker
Electromagnetic induction principle: When there is a current through the voice coil, according to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the voice coil will generate a magnetic field. This magnetic field interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, causing the voice coil to be subjected to a force in the magnetic field, resulting in motion.
Sound film vibration: The motion of the voice coil is converted into mechanical vibration through the sound film. The sound film is the vibrating part of the speaker that vibrates with the movement of the voice coil, and this vibration pushes the surrounding air to produce sound waves. Sound waves travel through the air and are eventually picked up by our ears and interpreted as sound.
Interaction between magnetic field and live wire: There is a permanent magnet inside the speaker, and when there is a current passing through the voice coil (live wire), the live coil will be subjected to a force in the magnetic field of the permanent magnet. This force is variable, because the current is changing, so the voice coil will be subject to sometimes repelling and sometimes attracting forces, which causes the voice coil to vibrate.
Conversion of electrical energy to sound energy: In this process, electrical energy is converted to mechanical energy (vibration of the voice coil), which is then converted to sound energy (sound wave). The efficiency of a speaker depends on the efficiency of this energy conversion, and a highly efficient speaker is able to convert more electrical energy into sound energy, resulting in a larger sound output.
In summary, the working principle of the loudspeaker is based on the interaction of electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic force. When an electric current passes through the voice coil, the voice coil generates a magnetic field and interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, causing the voice coil to vibrate. The vibration of the voice coil is converted into mechanical vibration by the sound film, which pushes the surrounding air to produce sound waves. Sound waves travel through the air and are picked up by our ears as sound. This process converts electrical signals to sound waves, allowing the speaker to play a variety of sounds.
This working principle of the speaker makes it become one of the core components of modern electronic equipment, widely used in audio equipment, car audio, TV audio and other electronic products. With the progress of science and technology, speaker technology is also constantly developing, including the optimization of sound film material, the precise control of magnetic field force and other improvements, are designed to improve the performance and sound quality of the speaker.